Comprehensive analysis of insulin products complex disulfide bonds structure by high resolution mass spectrum / 药学学报

The correct pairing of disulfide bonds maintains the correct folding mode and high-level structure formation of peptides and protein drugs, which is crucial for the quality control of products. In order to ensure that the disulfide bonds are correctly paired, disulfide bond analysis is an essential part of peptides and protein drug characterization. Mass spectrometry can be used to analyze disulfide bonds. However, insulin and its analogues have two pairs of disulfide bonds without restriction enzyme cutting site. Conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) and high-energy induced cleavage (HCD) cannot accurately locate the complex disulfide bond. In our study, three methods were used to localize the complex disulfide, including enzyme digestion combined with key peptide fragment in source decay (ISD) fragmentation method, enzyme digestion combined with partial reduction alkylation method, intact protein source ISD and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) cleavage method, The applicability of insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glargine were also investigated. This study provides a new way for the quality control of disulfide bonding mode of insulin and its analogues, and also provides a reference for the disulfide bond localization of peptides or proteins containing this complex disulfide bond.

A prospective study on the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To explore the safety and efficacy of excimer laser coronary angioplasty (ELCA) for the treatment of degenerated great saphenous vein graft (SVG). Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, single-arm study. Patients, who were admitted to the Geriatric Cardiovascular Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2022 to June 2022, were consecutively enrolled. Inclusion criteria were recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), and coronary angiography confirmed that the SVG stenosis was more than 70% but not completely occluded, and interventional treatment for SVG lesions was planned. Before balloon dilation and stent placement, ELCA was used to pretreat the lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed and postoperative index of microcirculation resistance (IMR) were assessed after stent implantation. The technique success rate and operation success rate were calculated. The technique success was defined as the successful passage of the ELCA system through the lesion. Operation success was defined as the successful placement of a stent at the lesion. The primary evaluation index of the study was IMR immediately after PCI. Secondary evaluation indexes included thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC), minimal stent area and stent expansion measured by OCT after PCI, and procedural complications (Ⅳa myocardial infarction, no reflow, perforation). Results: A total of 19 patients aged (66.0±5.6) years were enrolled, including 18 males (94.7%). The age of SVG was 8 (6, 11) years. The length of the lesions was greater than 20 mm, and they were all SVG body lesions. The median stenosis degree was 95% (80%, 99%), and the length of the implanted stent was (41.7±16.3)mm. The operation time was 119 (101, 166) minutes, and the cumulative dose was 2 089 (1 378, 3 011)mGy. The diameter of the laser catheter was 1.4 mm, the maximum energy was 60 mJ, and the maximum frequency was 40 Hz. The technique success and the operation success rate were both 100% (19/19). The IMR after stent implantation was 29.22±5.95. The TIMI flow grade of patients after ELCA and stent implantation was significantly improved (all P>0.05), and the TIMI flow grade of all patients after stent implantation was Grade Ⅲ. The cTFC decreased significantly after ELCA (33.2±7.8) and after stent placement (22.8±7.1) than preoperative level (49.7±13.0) (both P<0.001). The minimum stent area was (5.53±1.36)mm2, and the stent expansion rate was (90.0±4.3)%. Perforation, no reflow, type Ⅳa myocardial infarction and other complications were not observed. However, postoperative high-sensitivity troponin level was significantly increased ((67.937±33.839)ng/L vs. (5.316±3.105)ng/L, P<0.001). Conclusion: ELCA is safe and effective in the treatment of SVG lesions and could improve microcirculation and ensure full expansion of stent.

A novel bioassay to assess bioactivity of PEG-rhGH using Nb2-11 cells / 药学学报

In this study, we established a novel bioassay to determine the activity of polyethylene glycolated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) using Nb2-11 cells. We performed experimental condition optimization and methodological verification, and then detected the relative potency of PEG-rhGH products using this method. We demonstrated that the bioactivity of PEG-rhGH in promoting Nb2-11 cell proliferation displays a dose-response relationship, which conformed to the four-parameter model. Using PEG-rhGH reference as a control, we analyzed the relative potency of six batches of PEG-rhGH products, as well as linearity, regression and parallelism of the obtained curves. The relative potency of six batches of PEG-rhGH products was 95% to 105%. These results implied that the new bioassay established may be employed in quality control of PEG-rhGH products.

Collaborative study to evaluate a reporter gene assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity / 药学学报

The goal of this work was to explore the prospect of standardized application of an in-vitro bioactivity assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone based on a reporter gene. The relative accuracy, intermediate precision, linearity and applicable range of the method were validated according to the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Three laboratories used this method to determine the in-vitro biological activities of six batches of drug product and three batches of drug substance manufactured by two different companies. The consistency of the potency determined by three laboratories, the intra-laboratory precision and inter-laboratory precision were analyzed. The method was optimized during the collaborative validation. The results of method validation meet the requirements of the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Aiming to resolve the problems found in the collaborative validation, the medium for cell seeding, the pre-diluted buffer solution of standard and sample, and the means of removing and discarding supernatant after stimulation were optimized. After optimization, there was no significant difference in the bioactivity among the different laboratories (P > 0.05), indicating statistical equivalency. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory precision were good and the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV%) were both less than 15%. In conclusion, the reporter gene assay has good intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility and is suitable for analyzing recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone drug product and drug substance by different manufacturers. It is expected to be used as a standardized method for the determination of the in-vitro bioactivity of such products.

Common diseases and drug use characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines and suggestions / 中国中药杂志

Based on the data of 56 kinds of diseases and drug use in 100 kinds of cultivated Chinese herbal medicines, this paper used frequency analysis method to count the types of diseases and their drug use characteristics, and systematically analyzed the status of drug registration and monitoring standards for disease prevention and control of Chinese herbal medicines. The results showed that 14 diseases such as root rot, powdery mildew, and drooping disease were common in the production of Chinese herbal medicines. Among the 99 pesticides reported, 67.68% were chemically synthesized, 23.23% were biological pesticides, and 9.09% were mineral pesticides. Among the reported pesticides, 92.93% of them were low toxic, with relative safety. However, 70% of the production drugs were not registered in Chinese herbal medicines, and the phenomenon of overdose was serious. The current pesticide residue monitoring standards does not match well with production drugs in China. Although the matching degree between Maximum Residue Limit of Pesticide in Food Safety National Standard(GB 2763-2021) and production drugs is more than 50%, there are few varieties of Chinese herbal medicines covered. The matching degree between Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), Green Industry Standard of Medicinal Plants and Preparations(WM/T2-2004), and production drugs is only 1.28%. It is suggested to speed up the research and registration of Chinese herbal medicine production and further improve the pesticide residue limit standard combined with the actual production, so as to promote the high-quality development of Chinese herbal medicine industry.

Lipoprotein apheresis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: a single center research / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: We evaluated the safety and efficacy of lipoprotein apheresis (LA) in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) who can't reach low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) target goals with the maximal tolerated dose of lipid-lowering agents. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Between February 2015 and November 2019, patients with FH who were admitted in Fuwai hospital and treated with LA were consecutively enrolled. Based on intensive lipid-lowering agents, these patients received LA by double filtration plasma pheresis (DFPP) method. The changes of lipid levels such as LDL-C and lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] were compared before and after LA treatment, and the changes of immunoglobulin (Ig) concentration and LA-related adverse effects were also discussed. Results: A total of 115 patients with FH were enrolled in this study, of which 8 cases were homozygous FH and 107 cases were heterozygous FH. The age was (43.9±12.2) years and there were 75 (65.2%) males, and 108 (93.8%) with coronary artery disease. For pre-and immediately after LA treatment, the LDL-C was (5.20±2.94) mmol/L vs. (1.83±1.08) mmol/L, Lp(a) concentration was 428.70(177.00, 829.50)mg/L vs. 148.90(75.90, 317.00) mg/L (P<0.001), with a decrease of 64.2% and 59.8% respectively. The levels of IgG and IgA measured 1 day after LA treatment were both in the normal range and IgM concentration was below the reference value, the reductions of which were 15.1%, 25.0% and 58.7% respectively (P<0.001). Six patients had mild symptoms of nausea, hypotension dyspnea and palpitation, the symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: For patients with FH who do not achieve LDL-C target goal with the maximal tolerated lipid-lowering agents, especially those with elevated Lp(a) levels, LA, which can significantly further reduce LDL-C and Lp(a) levels, is an effective and safe option.

Benefits and risks of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent in patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT>1 year) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes who were event-free at 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stent (DES) in a large and contemporary PCI registry. Methods: A total of 1 661 eligible patients were selected from the Fuwai PCI Registry, of which 1 193 received DAPT>1 year and 468 received DAPT ≤1 year. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) and Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding, MACCE was defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction or stroke. Multivariate Cox regression analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) Cox regression analysis were performed. Results: After a median follow-up of 2.5 years, patients who received DAPT>1 year were associated with lower risks of MACCE (1.4% vs. 3.2%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.412, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.205-0.827) compared with DAPT ≤1 year, which was primarily caused by the lower all-cause mortality (0.1% vs. 2.6%; HR 0.031, 95%CI 0.004-0.236). Risks of cardiac death (0.1% vs. 1.5%; HR 0.051, 95%CI 0.006-0.416) and definite/probable ST (0.3% vs. 1.1%; HR 0.218, 95%CI 0.052-0.917) were also lower in patients received DAPT>1 year than those received DAPT ≤ 1 year. No difference was found between the two groups in terms of BARC type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding (5.3% vs. 4.1%; HR 1.088, 95%CI 0.650-1.821). Conclusions: In patients with stable CAD and diabetes who were event-free at 1 year after PCI with DES, prolonged DAPT (>1 year) provides a substantial reduction in ischemic cardiovascular events, including MACCE, all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and definite/probable ST, without increasing the clinically relevant bleeding risk compared with ≤ 1-year DAPT. Further well-designed, large-scale randomized trials are needed to verify the beneficial effect of prolonged DAPT in this population.

"Six-step strategy" for effective compounds in Chinese medicinal prescriptions based on in vitro-in vivo integration and its application in research on component-based Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

The discovery and identification of effective components are pivotal in the research on Chinese medicinal prescriptions. Given two basic conditions for effective components in Chinese medicinal prescriptions, i.e., active structure and a certain level of drug exposure in the body(including the intestine), a "six-step strategy" for the effective compounds in Chinese medicinal prescriptions based on in vitro-in vivo integration(SSS for short) has been proposed and established, as well as the key technologies. SSS contains qualitative and quantitative analyses of components in five steps, including those in Chinese medicinal extract, intestinal contents, portal vein blood, liver, and peripheral blood. The components(prototype components and metabolites) with a certain exposure level(including in the intestine) and those with large differences between in vitro content and in vivo exposure or in exposure among various parts in the body are selected as the minority prioritized candidates. The sixth step is to screen the pharmacological activity of candidate components specifically extracted from Chinese medicinal materials or artificially synthesized. SSS can significantly narrow the screening range, enhance the hit rate, and speed up the identification of effective components specifically targeting indications. Based on the effective components identified by the SSS, the "upstream" can be linked(mechanism research based on the effective components with clear structures) and the "downstream" can be combined(development of innovative component-based Chinese medicine with definite pharmacodynamic composition). In this study, the concept of component-based Chinese medicine and specific applications of SSS in the development of component-based Chinese medicine are also introduced.

Research progress on saponins, biological activities of saponins, and quality control of Panax quinquefolium / 中国中药杂志

Panax quinquefolium, as a common precious medicinal plant, has complex chemical components and unique pharmacological activities, which can play a healthcare role in the human body. With the deepening of research, the application of P. quinquefolium has become increasingly extensive. This paper summarized the research progress of the saponins isolated and identified from diffe-rent parts of P. quinquefolium, the structural classification and pharmacological activities of the saponins, and the quality control of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. Further, this paper put forward the urgent problems to be solved in the development of P. quinquefolium. It is hoped to lay a foundation for the further study and provide reference for the research direction of P. quinquefolium.

Clinical and histological evaluations of the effects of concentrated growth factor combined with deproteinated bovine bone mineral in site preservation / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To evaluate the osteogenic effect of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with deproteinated bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in site preservation using clinical and histomorphometric observations.@*Methods @#A total of 26 patients who needed extraction of affected teeth and received staged implantation after site preservation were selected. The patients were randomly divided into the DBBM group (Bio-Oss was implanted simultaneously after extraction) and CGF+DBBM group (CGF+Bio-Oss was implanted simultaneously after extraction), with 13 patients in each group, and both groups were covered with Bio-Gide collagen membrane. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed preoperatively and 6 months later to measure the changes in alveolar bone height and width, and the bone specimens were drilled 6 months after site preservation during implant surgery for histological analyses.@*Results@# CBCT showed that the height and width of alveolar bone were absorbed 6 months after site preservation in the CGF+DBBM and DBBM groups, and the reduction in alveolar ridge width in the CGF+DBBM group was statistically less than the DBBM group (P <0.05). The histomorphometry results showed that the percentage of new bone in the CGF+DBBM and DBBM groups were 35.30% ± 3.56% and 26.38% ± 5.04%, respectively, and the amount of new bone in the CGF+DBBM group was statistically higher than the DBBM group (P<0.05). @*Conclusion @#CGF combined with DBBM is superior to DBBM in maintaining the alveolar bone volume and shape in site preservation, which creates favorable conditions for implant restoration.

High-glucose-induced apoptosis, ROS production and pro-inflammatory response in cardiomyocytes is attenuated by metformin treatment via PP2A activation

Metformin has been shown to ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the present research we investigatedwhether metformin would reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis that was induced by high-glucose stimulation in vitrovia activation of PP2A. Primary human and rat cardiomyocytes were subject to high-glucose stimulation. Okadaicacid was used to inhibit PP2A activity. Cell viability and apoptosis was assessed using CCK-8 and by flowcytometry, respectively. Release of HMGB1, TNFa or IL-6 was analyzed by ELISA. Oxidative stress wasevaluated by measuring cellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide level. PP2A activity was evaluated by Serine/Threonine phosphatase assay system or analyzing Y307 phosphorylation level of PP2A catalytic domain (PP2Ac)by Western blot and the association between PP2Ac and a4 by co-immunoprecipitation. Activation of the NF-jBsignaling pathway was assessed by detecting Ser32 phosphorylation level of IjBa as well as nuclear entry of p65protein by Western blot. Activation of the GSK3b/MCL1 signaling pathway was assessed by detecting Ser9phosphorylation level of GSK3b and protein level of MCL1. We found Metformin pre-treatment attenuatedhuman and rat cardiomyocytes apoptosis, HMGB1, TNFa and IL-6 release and ROS production that were inducedby high-glucose stimulation, and these effects of metformin could be blocked by okadaic acid treatment. Metformin reduced the upregulation of PP2Ac pY307 and the PP2Ac-a4 association, which was not affected byokadaic acid treatment. Metformin pre-treatment reduced NF-jB activation in human and rat cardiomyocytesapoptosis that was elicited by high-glucose stimulation, and this effect of metformin could be blocked by okadaicacid treatment. GSK3b/MCL1 is not part of metformin activating PP2A induced myocardial cell death inhibition.In conclusion, metformin reduced apoptosis, ROS production and inflammatory response in primary human andrat cardiomyocytes in vitro in a PP2A dependent manner.

Health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective To investigate the health literacy level and health related behavior of high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai, and to provide basis for health literacy intervention. Methods Using qualitative and quantitative methods, the quantitative part adopted the multi-stage stratified sampling method.A total of 355 aged 15-18 from senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for face-to-face survey.The qualitative part adopted the form of group interviews, and 20 students from two senior high schools in Xuhui District were selected for interviews. Results The health literacy level of high school students in Xuhui District was 27.32%, which was lower than that of adults in the same period.Among the three dimensions, the level of basic knowledge and concept literacy was the highest, followed by the level of health basic skills literacy, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy was the lowest; among the six types of health problems, the level of infectious disease prevention literacy and basic medical literacy was at a low level.Statistical analysis of the correct answer rate showed that the answer rate of various questions in the health literacy survey was quite different.Further analysis of the health-related behavioral characteristics of high school students showed that most students had correct health concept and awareness of health change, but they encountered resistance in the process of knowledge transformation into action, which mainly came from academic burden, school education, peer influence and so on.The main channels for high school students to obtain health-related information were classroom, parents, school and various media.They had a high degree of trust in medical professionals and encountered difficulties in seeking health information. Conclusion The health literacy level of senior high school students in Xuhui District of Shanghai needs to be improved.We should explore a health intervention model more suitable for the behavioral characteristics of this group weak links in their health literacy.

Classification Tree Model Analysis on Risk Factors of Diabetic Kidney Disease to Progress to ESRD for CKD3-4 Stages Patients / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To analyze the risk factors of progression to end-stage renal disease（ESRD）in patients with diabetic kidney disease（DKD），and screen the high-risk population for early prevention.【Methods】The clinical data of 231 patients with diabetic nephropathy in our hospital were collected and followed up for 3 years. According to whether ESRD occurred，they were divided into non-progressing ESRD group（133 cases）and ESRD group（98 cases）. Classification tree model was used to analyze the risk factors related to ESRD，and the high-risk population was screened by node gain analysis.【Results】Four important explanatory variables were screened out by the classification tree model from the candi⁃ date variables related to early renal damage，including apolipoprotein B（ApoB），gender，diabetic retinopathy，systemic blood pressure（SBP）. ApoB level was an important factor for DKD progression. For DKD patients with the chronic kidney disease （CKD）3~4 stageswith ApoB> 1.14 mmol/L，theprobabilityofprogression toESRDfor 3 yearswas 75.0 %，and ifat the same time with diabetic retinopathy，the probability was 79.7 %.【Conclusion】The classification tree model can analyze the risk factors of progression to ESRD in DKD patients effectively，to identify the characteristics of high-risk populations.

Study on commodity specification and grade standard and quality evaluation of Galla Chinensis / 中国中药杂志

This paper is aimed to study the commodity specification and grade standard of Galla Chinensis,for standardizing market order and guide the market circulation,and provide a basis for standardization of Galla Chinensis. With 33 samples of Galla Chinensis from market as the object of the research,the herbal textual research and market research were carried out. Then the grading indicator were selected by the descriptive statistics,principal component analysis and cluster analysis,combining with production practice,the commodity specification and grade standard of Galla Chinensis were set out. The data of moisture,ash,gallic acid as the internal index were used to analyze the relationship between the quality difference between grades and the appearance characters and the intrinsic composition. Herbal textual research and market research found that the high quality of Galla Chinensis characterized with large,complete,wall thick,grayish brown characteristics,and Galla Chinensis could be divided into gallnuts and horned gall. Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis,combining actual production and herbal record,screening,the length,diameter,single weight,the number of 500 g were determined as 4 grading indicators,the commodity specification was divided into two: gallnuts and horned gall,the grades was divided into two: selected goods and mixed goods. The result of correlation analysis showed there was no significant correlation between the internal index and the appearance characters of Galla Chinensis. The result of multiple comparison showed that the ash content of the selected goods was smaller than that of the mixed goods,but it did not reach significant. The content of gallic acid of the selected goods and the mixed goods of gallnuts were higher than selected goods of horned gall,and higher than mixed goods of horned galls. Using the length,diameter,single weight,the number of 500 g as the appearance characters index. Combining with the herbal textual research and market research,we have divided two specifications and two grades for the commodity specification and grade standard of Galla Chinensis,which can provide a basis for industry standards and national standards.

Study on commodity specification and grade standard and quality evaluation of Dipsaci Radix / 中国中药杂志

Through the records of herbal and market investigations,the samples collected from different market and origin were analyzed,and the appearance character indexes were determined in order to revise the commodity specification and grade standard of Dipsaci Radix combined with production practice. This is also to analyze association of the appearance with quality different of intrinsic components. The investigation results indicated the root's long and thick was better,and atrovirens of fracture surface,there are most of the market is dominated by the ungraded goods. Through principal component analysis,variance analysis and cluster analysis,combining with the feasibility of actual operation and herbal record,the length,middle diameter and phloem color were filtrated and the specification was divided into 2 ranks: the selection and ungraded goods,and the grade was divided into 2 ranks for the selection goods: big,small selected goods. Moreover,there were no significant correlation between the appearance and the intrinsic quality index of Dipsaci Radix,the content of extractum were significantly positive correlation with the moisture,but had extremely negative correlation with the total ash. Multiple comparisons indicated that the content of the moisture,extractum and asperosaponin VI of the selected goods were higher than the ungraded goods,while the total ash content were lower,and they hasn't significant difference. The commodity specification and grade standard of Dipsaci Radix as a basis provide commodity specification and grade standard of communities and standardizing market trade order.

Research on grade standard and quality evaluation of Pinelliae Rhizoma for merchandise specification / 中国中药杂志

The study aims at investigating the grade standard and the quality characteristic of Pinelliae Rhizoma for commodity specification, which provides the reference for its grade standard formulation. 42 Pinelliae Rhizoma simples were collected from 5 medicinal materials markets and 2 producing areas. Based on the previous herbalogical study and market investigation, we combined with the data analysis to select the grading indicators using SPSS software for descriptive statistical analysis, analysis of variance, K-cluster analysis and correlation analysis. According to the actual production condition, we developed the grading standards of Pinelliae Rhizoma. Moreover, we compared the internal indicators(water, total ash, leachate and guanosine) of Pinelliae Rhizoma at various grade levels, and analyzed the correlation between appearance traits and internal indicators. The herbalogical study and market research found that the Pinelliae Rhizoma was better in large, solid and white. The results from descriptive and variance analysis showed that the appearance of Pinelliae Rhizoma was significantly different in weight per grain and grain number of 500 g. Referring to the 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the production practice, we use the length, weight per grain and grain number of 500 g as the classification index of Pinelliae Rhizoma. The results from correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the appearance of Pinelliae Rhizoma and the intrinsic quality index. In addition, we found there was no significant difference in the content of the intrinsic index except for the total ash and the extract. The current study established the classification index of the product specification and grade standard of Pinelliae Rhizoma with length, weight per grain and grain number of 500 g as the index, which can provide the basis for the classification of the product specification and grade of Pinelliae Rhizoma market.

Analysis of medicinal resources diversity of 33 pilots (districts) in Guizhou province / 中国中药杂志

This study is based on the data analysis of medicinal plant resources and diversity collected from the fourth Chinese traditional medicine resource survey( pilot). Through the analysis of relevant data from 33 census pioneer plots in Guizhou province( area),a total of 265 families,1 432 genera and 5 296 species of medicinal resources were reported,including algae,fungi,lichens,mosses,a total of 43 genera and 35 families,57,48 families,120 genera and 453 species of ferns,gymnosperms 11 families,22 genera and 61 species,167 families,1 243 genera and 4 721 species of angiosperms,4 genera and 4 families four medicinal animals.Compared with the data related to the third survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources,the number of ferns,gymnosperms and angiosperms in the fourth survey has increased far more than that of the third survey. From the regional distribution of medicinal resources,the composition of the genus,the type of life,and the location of the medicine,the richness of the medicinal plant resources in Guizhou province is not only reflected in many types,but also in the variety of medicinal resources. These studies provide a scientific basis for vigorously developing the Chinese herbal medicine industry and the sustainably using medicinal plant resources in Guizhou province.

A single-team experience with robotic pancreatic surgery in 1010 cases / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the safety and advantages of robotic pancreatic surgery (RPS) based on the single-team experience with 1010 cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 1010 cases of RPS performed by a single team from November, 2011 to September, 2017 in our hospital were collected prospectively and analyzed. In most of cases the surgeries were performed using the third-generation da Vinci robotic surgical system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 1010 cases receiving RPS included 417 cases of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (RPD), 428 cases of robotic distal pancreatectomy, 60 cases of robotic central pancreatectomy, 53 cases of robotic pancreatic tumor enucleation, 3 cases of Appleby procedure, and 49 cases of other operations (including 4 cases of innovative robotic retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery, 4 cases of robotic pancreatic tumor enucleation combined with main pancreatic duct bridging repair, 1 case of single incision robotic pancreatic tumor enucleation, and 2 cases of robotic central pancreatectomy combined with end-to-end anastomosis reconstruction). The median operative time was 210 min (30-720 min) with a median intraoperative blood loss of 80 mL (10-2000 mL), a conversion rate of 4.06% (41/1010), a blood transfusion rate of 6.7% (68/1010), a mean post-operative stay of 10.87∓6.70 days, a complication rate (beyond grade III according to Clavien-Dindo scoring system) of 8.0% (81/1010), and a pancreatic fistula rate (beyond) grade B of 9.21% (93/1010). The mortality rate of the patients was 0.69% (7/1010) in 30 days and 1.31% (12//934) in 90 days. The application of RPS in total pancreatectomy increased steadily from the rate of 10.44% in 2012 to 72.06% in 2017.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This represents to our knowledge the world largest series of robotic pancreatic resections. RPS is expected to gradually replace open procedure and laparoscopic procedure to become the primary choice of approach for pancreatectomy. After the learning curve, RPS procedure including distal pancreatectomy, robotic Appleby procedure and other operations can be safely performed, and the experiences from other centers can be beneficial to reduce severe complications in the early stage of learning.</p>

Effect of propofol and operative trauma on neurodevelopment and cognitive function of developing brain in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of propofol and operative trauma on the neurodevelopment and cognitive function of the developing brain and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 104 postnatal day 13 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (treated by 7.5 mL/kg saline and sham surgery), propofol group (treated by 75 mg/kg propofol), surgery group (with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia) and propofol+surgery group (with abdominal surgery under local anesthesia plus 75 mg/kg propofol anesthesia). Thirteen rats from each group were randomly selected for detecting the content of TNF-α in the hippocampus and the expression levels of caspase-3 and c-fos in the brain. Morris Water Maze test was used to detect the cognitive ability of the other rats at 60 days old, after which TNF-α content in the hippocampus and caspase-3 and c-fos expressions in the brain were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 13 day-old rats, TNF-α level and caspase-3 and c-fos expressions differed significantly between the surgery group and the other 3 groups (P<0.05) and were similar among the control group, propofol group and propofol+surgery group (P>0.05). In 60-day-old rats, Morris water maze test results, TNF-α level or expressions of caspase-3 and c-fos showed no significant differences among the 4 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abdominal surgery can induce inflammation in the hippocampus and neuroapoptosis in neonatal rats rather than adult rats. Single-dose propofol anesthesia does not significantly affect neurodevelopment of young rats, and can relieve central inflammatory reaction induced by surgical trauma.</p>

Genetic diversity and quality analysis of Rehmannia glutinosa in different germplasm / 中国中药杂志

The study aims at evaluating genetic diversity and medicinal quality of cultivated germplasm in Rehmannia glutinosa, and providing theoretical guidance for screening excellent germplasm. The genetic diversity of 21 species of R. glutinosa were analyzed by SRAP molecular markers, and the catalpol and verbascoside was determined by HPLC. The mass fraction of catalpol and verbascoside in R. glutinosa germplasm were respectively in the range of 2.393%-6.519% and 0.063%-0.478%, the germplasm 14, 16, 15 and 20 germplasm, witch catalpol and verbascoside content was higher. A total of 57 bands were produced by 10 primer, among which 40 polymorphic bands were polymorphic bands, and the percentage of polymorphic loci was 8.77%-54.39%, the Nei's genetic diversity index (H) was 0.374 1, Shannon's polymorphism information index (I) was 0.546 6. Gst and gene flow Nm were 0.608 8 and 0.321 3, respectively. Based on the genetic uniformity, 21 species of germplasm were grouped into 2 categories. The genetic diversity level of R. glutinosa was medium low. The comprehensive consideration of the genetic diversity and the content inculde catalpol and verbascoside, germplasm 7 and germplasm 18 could be used as the preferred materials for the cultivation of reticulum. Germplasm 15 and 16 can be used as the preservation and breeding object of rhubarb germplasm.